
% Default to the notebook output style

    


% Inherit from the specified cell style.




    
\documentclass[11pt]{article}

    
    
    \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
    % Nicer default font (+ math font) than Computer Modern for most use cases
    \usepackage{mathpazo}

    % Basic figure setup, for now with no caption control since it's done
    % automatically by Pandoc (which extracts ![](path) syntax from Markdown).
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    % We will generate all images so they have a width \maxwidth. This means
    % that they will get their normal width if they fit onto the page, but
    % are scaled down if they would overflow the margins.
    \makeatletter
    \def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth
    \else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
    \makeatother
    \let\Oldincludegraphics\includegraphics
    % Set max figure width to be 80% of text width, for now hardcoded.
    \renewcommand{\includegraphics}[1]{\Oldincludegraphics[width=.8\maxwidth]{#1}}
    % Ensure that by default, figures have no caption (until we provide a
    % proper Figure object with a Caption API and a way to capture that
    % in the conversion process - todo).
    \usepackage{caption}
    \DeclareCaptionLabelFormat{nolabel}{}
    \captionsetup{labelformat=nolabel}

    \usepackage{adjustbox} % Used to constrain images to a maximum size 
    \usepackage{xcolor} % Allow colors to be defined
    \usepackage{enumerate} % Needed for markdown enumerations to work
    \usepackage{geometry} % Used to adjust the document margins
    \usepackage{amsmath} % Equations
    \usepackage{amssymb} % Equations
    \usepackage{textcomp} % defines textquotesingle
    % Hack from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/47451/13684:
    \AtBeginDocument{%
        \def\PYZsq{\textquotesingle}% Upright quotes in Pygmentized code
    }
    \usepackage{upquote} % Upright quotes for verbatim code
    \usepackage{eurosym} % defines \euro
    \usepackage[mathletters]{ucs} % Extended unicode (utf-8) support
    \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % Allow utf-8 characters in the tex document
    \usepackage{fancyvrb} % verbatim replacement that allows latex
    \usepackage{grffile} % extends the file name processing of package graphics 
                         % to support a larger range 
    % The hyperref package gives us a pdf with properly built
    % internal navigation ('pdf bookmarks' for the table of contents,
    % internal cross-reference links, web links for URLs, etc.)
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    \usepackage{longtable} % longtable support required by pandoc >1.10
    \usepackage{booktabs}  % table support for pandoc > 1.12.2
    \usepackage[inline]{enumitem} % IRkernel/repr support (it uses the enumerate* environment)
    \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % ulem is needed to support strikethroughs (\sout)
                                % normalem makes italics be italics, not underlines
    

    
    
    % Colors for the hyperref package
    \definecolor{urlcolor}{rgb}{0,.145,.698}
    \definecolor{linkcolor}{rgb}{.71,0.21,0.01}
    \definecolor{citecolor}{rgb}{.12,.54,.11}

    % ANSI colors
    \definecolor{ansi-black}{HTML}{3E424D}
    \definecolor{ansi-black-intense}{HTML}{282C36}
    \definecolor{ansi-red}{HTML}{E75C58}
    \definecolor{ansi-red-intense}{HTML}{B22B31}
    \definecolor{ansi-green}{HTML}{00A250}
    \definecolor{ansi-green-intense}{HTML}{007427}
    \definecolor{ansi-yellow}{HTML}{DDB62B}
    \definecolor{ansi-yellow-intense}{HTML}{B27D12}
    \definecolor{ansi-blue}{HTML}{208FFB}
    \definecolor{ansi-blue-intense}{HTML}{0065CA}
    \definecolor{ansi-magenta}{HTML}{D160C4}
    \definecolor{ansi-magenta-intense}{HTML}{A03196}
    \definecolor{ansi-cyan}{HTML}{60C6C8}
    \definecolor{ansi-cyan-intense}{HTML}{258F8F}
    \definecolor{ansi-white}{HTML}{C5C1B4}
    \definecolor{ansi-white-intense}{HTML}{A1A6B2}

    % commands and environments needed by pandoc snippets
    % extracted from the output of `pandoc -s`
    \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
      \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
    \DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
    % Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
    \newenvironment{Shaded}{}{}
    \newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.13,0.00}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textit{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.02,0.16,0.49}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{{#1}}
    
    % Additional commands for more recent versions of Pandoc
    \newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.00,0.00}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.53}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{\textit{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.74,0.48,0.00}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.49,0.56,0.16}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    
    
    % Define a nice break command that doesn't care if a line doesn't already
    % exist.
    \def\br{\hspace*{\fill} \\* }
    % Math Jax compatability definitions
    \def\gt{>}
    \def\lt{<}
    % Document parameters
    \title{Eric\_Keenan\_HW1}
    
    
    

    % Pygments definitions
    
\makeatletter
\def\PY@reset{\let\PY@it=\relax \let\PY@bf=\relax%
    \let\PY@ul=\relax \let\PY@tc=\relax%
    \let\PY@bc=\relax \let\PY@ff=\relax}
\def\PY@tok#1{\csname PY@tok@#1\endcsname}
\def\PY@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%
    \PY@tok{#1}\expandafter\PY@toks\fi}
\def\PY@do#1{\PY@bc{\PY@tc{\PY@ul{%
    \PY@it{\PY@bf{\PY@ff{#1}}}}}}}
\def\PY#1#2{\PY@reset\PY@toks#1+\relax+\PY@do{#2}}

\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@w\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.73,0.73}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@c\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.50,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@cp\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.74,0.48,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@k\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@kp\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@kt\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.69,0.00,0.25}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@o\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@ow\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.67,0.13,1.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nb\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nf\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nc\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nn\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@ne\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.82,0.25,0.23}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nv\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@no\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.00,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nl\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.63,0.63,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@ni\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.60,0.60,0.60}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@na\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.49,0.56,0.16}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nt\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@nd\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.67,0.13,1.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@s\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sd\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@si\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.53}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@se\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sr\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.53}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@ss\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sx\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@m\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gh\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gu\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.50,0.00,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gd\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.63,0.00,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gi\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.63,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gr\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@ge\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gs\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gp\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@go\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.53,0.53}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@gt\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.27,0.87}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@err\endcsname{\def\PY@bc##1{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}\fcolorbox[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{1,1,1}{\strut ##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@kc\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@kd\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@kn\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@kr\endcsname{\let\PY@bf=\textbf\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@bp\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.50,0.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@fm\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@vc\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@vg\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@vi\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@vm\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sa\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sb\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sc\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@dl\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@s2\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@sh\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@s1\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@mb\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@mf\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@mh\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@mi\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@il\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@mo\endcsname{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@ch\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.50,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@cm\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.50,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@cpf\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.50,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@c1\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.50,0.50}{##1}}}
\expandafter\def\csname PY@tok@cs\endcsname{\let\PY@it=\textit\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.50,0.50}{##1}}}

\def\PYZbs{\char`\\}
\def\PYZus{\char`\_}
\def\PYZob{\char`\{}
\def\PYZcb{\char`\}}
\def\PYZca{\char`\^}
\def\PYZam{\char`\&}
\def\PYZlt{\char`\<}
\def\PYZgt{\char`\>}
\def\PYZsh{\char`\#}
\def\PYZpc{\char`\%}
\def\PYZdl{\char`\$}
\def\PYZhy{\char`\-}
\def\PYZsq{\char`\'}
\def\PYZdq{\char`\"}
\def\PYZti{\char`\~}
% for compatibility with earlier versions
\def\PYZat{@}
\def\PYZlb{[}
\def\PYZrb{]}
\makeatother


    % Exact colors from NB
    \definecolor{incolor}{rgb}{0.0, 0.0, 0.5}
    \definecolor{outcolor}{rgb}{0.545, 0.0, 0.0}



    
    % Prevent overflowing lines due to hard-to-break entities
    \sloppy 
    % Setup hyperref package
    \hypersetup{
      breaklinks=true,  % so long urls are correctly broken across lines
      colorlinks=true,
      urlcolor=urlcolor,
      linkcolor=linkcolor,
      citecolor=citecolor,
      }
    % Slightly bigger margins than the latex defaults
    
    \geometry{verbose,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in}
    
    

    \begin{document}
    
    
    \maketitle
    
    

    
    \section{Ice Sheets and Climate - Eric Keenan - Homework \#
1}\label{ice-sheets-and-climate---eric-keenan---homework-1}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{incolor}In [{\color{incolor}1}]:} \PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{numpy} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{np}
        \PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{pandas} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{pd}
        \PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\end{Verbatim}


    \section{1. Marine Records}\label{marine-records}

\paragraph{\texorpdfstring{1.b. Benthic \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O has
generally been increasing over the last 70 million years. This means
that ice volumne has been increasing. As ice sheets grow,
\(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O depleted water accumulates on ice sheets which
means that \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O enriched water accumulates in the
ocean.}{1.b. Benthic \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O has generally been increasing over the last 70 million years. This means that ice volumne has been increasing. As ice sheets grow, \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O depleted water accumulates on ice sheets which means that \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O enriched water accumulates in the ocean.}}\label{b.-benthic-delta18o-has-generally-been-increasing-over-the-last-70-million-years.-this-means-that-ice-volumne-has-been-increasing.-as-ice-sheets-grow-delta18o-depleted-water-accumulates-on-ice-sheets-which-means-that-delta18o-enriched-water-accumulates-in-the-ocean.}

\paragraph{\texorpdfstring{1.c. 34 million years ago there was a sudden
increase in \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O, this indicates a cooling of the
climate. Therefore it is likely that 34 million years ago, ice sheets
developed and grew on Earth leading to the observed increase in
\(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O in the marine
record.}{1.c. 34 million years ago there was a sudden increase in \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O, this indicates a cooling of the climate. Therefore it is likely that 34 million years ago, ice sheets developed and grew on Earth leading to the observed increase in \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O in the marine record.}}\label{c.-34-million-years-ago-there-was-a-sudden-increase-in-delta18o-this-indicates-a-cooling-of-the-climate.-therefore-it-is-likely-that-34-million-years-ago-ice-sheets-developed-and-grew-on-earth-leading-to-the-observed-increase-in-delta18o-in-the-marine-record.}

\paragraph{\texorpdfstring{1.d. Milankovitch cycles arising from
variations in Earth's orbital paramters explain the high frequency
variations. Meanwhile, slower tectonic processes manipulate Earth's
climate and therefore \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O over longer time
scales.}{1.d. Milankovitch cycles arising from variations in Earth's orbital paramters explain the high frequency variations. Meanwhile, slower tectonic processes manipulate Earth's climate and therefore \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O over longer time scales.}}\label{d.-milankovitch-cycles-arising-from-variations-in-earths-orbital-paramters-explain-the-high-frequency-variations.-meanwhile-slower-tectonic-processes-manipulate-earths-climate-and-therefore-delta18o-over-longer-time-scales.}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{incolor}In [{\color{incolor}2}]:} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Load data}
        \PY{n}{file\PYZus{}path}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{zachos2001.csv}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}
        \PY{n}{zachos} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{pd}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{read\PYZus{}csv}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{file\PYZus{}path}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{zachos}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Age (Ma)}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
        \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}d18O} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{zachos}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{d18O(5pt**)}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plot last \PYZti{}70 million years}
        \PY{n}{fig1} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{k}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Million Years Ago}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Marine Record}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{20}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nanmax}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{grid}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plot last 5 million years}
        \PY{n}{fig1} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{k}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Million Years Ago}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Marine Record}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{20}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{grid}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}


    \begin{center}
    \adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_3_0.png}
    \end{center}
    { \hspace*{\fill} \\}
    
    \begin{center}
    \adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_3_1.png}
    \end{center}
    { \hspace*{\fill} \\}
    
    \section{2. Ice Core Records}\label{ice-core-records}

\paragraph{\texorpdfstring{2.c. Glacial periods are relatively cool with
low \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O, while interglacials are relatively warm with
high \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O. Glacial periods are typically 2-4 times
longer than interglacial periods. We are currently in an interglacial
period, the
Holocene.}{2.c. Glacial periods are relatively cool with low \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O, while interglacials are relatively warm with high \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O. Glacial periods are typically 2-4 times longer than interglacial periods. We are currently in an interglacial period, the Holocene.}}\label{c.-glacial-periods-are-relatively-cool-with-low-delta18o-while-interglacials-are-relatively-warm-with-high-delta18o.-glacial-periods-are-typically-2-4-times-longer-than-interglacial-periods.-we-are-currently-in-an-interglacial-period-the-holocene.}

\paragraph{\texorpdfstring{2.d. Both records show warming in the lat
20,000 years leading to the Holocene. However, the GISP-2 record shows
more variability in \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O than Dome Fuji. GISP-2 has
higher temperal resolution \(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O in the last 40,000
years, while Dome Fuji appears to have higher temporal resolution before
60,000 years
ago.}{2.d. Both records show warming in the lat 20,000 years leading to the Holocene. However, the GISP-2 record shows more variability in \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O than Dome Fuji. GISP-2 has higher temperal resolution \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O in the last 40,000 years, while Dome Fuji appears to have higher temporal resolution before 60,000 years ago.}}\label{d.-both-records-show-warming-in-the-lat-20000-years-leading-to-the-holocene.-however-the-gisp-2-record-shows-more-variability-in-delta18o-than-dome-fuji.-gisp-2-has-higher-temperal-resolution-delta18o-in-the-last-40000-years-while-dome-fuji-appears-to-have-higher-temporal-resolution-before-60000-years-ago.}

\paragraph{\texorpdfstring{2.e. Both records indicate consistent timing
glacial and interglacial periods. However, Dome Fuji exhibhits larger
\(\delta\)\(^{18}\)O variability than the marine core, perhaps because
the ocean is a larger water resevoir than Antarctica. Additionally, the
ice core is a much higher temperal resolution than the marine
core.}{2.e. Both records indicate consistent timing glacial and interglacial periods. However, Dome Fuji exhibhits larger \textbackslash{}delta\^{}\{18\}O variability than the marine core, perhaps because the ocean is a larger water resevoir than Antarctica. Additionally, the ice core is a much higher temperal resolution than the marine core.}}\label{e.-both-records-indicate-consistent-timing-glacial-and-interglacial-periods.-however-dome-fuji-exhibhits-larger-delta18o-variability-than-the-marine-core-perhaps-because-the-ocean-is-a-larger-water-resevoir-than-antarctica.-additionally-the-ice-core-is-a-much-higher-temperal-resolution-than-the-marine-core.}

\paragraph{2.f. Accumulation rates must be low enough such that up 1.5
million years of accumulation are present in the ice column.
Temperatures must be low enough in order to prevent melt and sublimation
from ablating the ice. And ice flow must be minimal so that scientists
can be confident that the ice in the core originatated from the drilling
location as opposed to advecting
there.}\label{f.-accumulation-rates-must-be-low-enough-such-that-up-1.5-million-years-of-accumulation-are-present-in-the-ice-column.-temperatures-must-be-low-enough-in-order-to-prevent-melt-and-sublimation-from-ablating-the-ice.-and-ice-flow-must-be-minimal-so-that-scientists-can-be-confident-that-the-ice-in-the-core-originatated-from-the-drilling-location-as-opposed-to-advecting-there.}

    \subsection{GISP2}\label{gisp2}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{incolor}In [{\color{incolor}3}]:} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Load data}
        \PY{n}{file\PYZus{}path}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{gispd18o.txt}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}
        \PY{n}{gisp} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{loadtxt}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{file\PYZus{}path}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{skiprows}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{51}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}depth} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{gisp}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{:}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{]}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{gisp}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{:}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{]}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{gisp}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{:}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{]}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Filter data}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age} \PY{o}{\PYZgt{}} \PY{l+m+mi}{200000}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nan}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O} \PY{o}{\PYZgt{}} \PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nan}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age} \PY{o}{\PYZgt{}} \PY{l+m+mi}{200000}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nan}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O} \PY{o}{\PYZgt{}} \PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nan}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plot }
        \PY{n}{fig3} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age} \PY{o}{/} \PY{l+m+mi}{1000}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{k}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Thousand Years Before 1950}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{GISP2 Ice Core}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{20}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nanmax}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age}\PY{p}{)} \PY{o}{/} \PY{l+m+mi}{1000}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{grid}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}


    \begin{center}
    \adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_6_0.png}
    \end{center}
    { \hspace*{\fill} \\}
    
    \subsection{Dome Fuji}\label{dome-fuji}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{incolor}In [{\color{incolor}4}]:} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Load data}
        \PY{n}{file\PYZus{}path}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{df2012isotope\PYZhy{}temperature.txt}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}
        \PY{n}{df} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{loadtxt}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{file\PYZus{}path}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{skiprows}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{usecols}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{:}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{]}
        \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}d18O} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{:}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{]}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plot }
        \PY{n}{fig4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{ax} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{subplots}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{k}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Thousand Years Before 2000}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Dome Fuji Ice Core}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{20}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{grid}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nanmax}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Add shading for interglacial/glacial periods}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Interglacial}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{110}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Glacial}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{110}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{135}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{135}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{194}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{194}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{225}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{225}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{235}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{235}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{250}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{250}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{320}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axvspan}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{320}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{340}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{alpha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mf}{0.3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{legend}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{loc}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{upper left}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}


\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{outcolor}Out[{\color{outcolor}4}]:} <matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x1170fc8d0>
\end{Verbatim}
            
    \begin{center}
    \adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_8_1.png}
    \end{center}
    { \hspace*{\fill} \\}
    
    \subsection{GISP2 and Dome Fuji}\label{gisp2-and-dome-fuji}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{incolor}In [{\color{incolor}5}]:} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Data manipulations, convert to thousands of years before 2000}
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age} \PY{o}{+} \PY{l+m+mi}{50}\PY{p}{)} \PY{o}{/} \PY{l+m+mi}{1000}
        \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age} 
        \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}max} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nanmax}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000}\PY{p}{)}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plot }
        \PY{n}{fig5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{ax1} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{subplots}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax2} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{twinx}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{b}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax2}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{r}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Thousand Years Before 2000}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{GISP2 }\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{b}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax2}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Dome Fuji }\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{r}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{GISP2 and Dome Fuji}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{20}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{gisp2\PYZus{}max}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{grid}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}


    \begin{center}
    \adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_10_0.png}
    \end{center}
    { \hspace*{\fill} \\}
    
    \subsection{Ice Cores and Marine
Cores}\label{ice-cores-and-marine-cores}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
{\color{incolor}In [{\color{incolor}6}]:} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Data manipulations, convert to thousands of years ago}
        \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age} 
        \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time\PYZus{}yb2000} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time} \PY{o}{*} \PY{l+m+mi}{1000}
        \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}max} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{nanmax}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000}\PY{p}{)}
        
        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plot }
        \PY{n}{fig6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{ax1} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{subplots}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{15}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax2} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{twinx}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}time\PYZus{}yb2000}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{marine\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{b}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax2}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df\PYZus{}age\PYZus{}yb2000}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}d18O}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{r}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Thousand Years Ago}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax1}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Marine }\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{b}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{ax2}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Dome Fuji }\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}u03B4}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}\PYZca{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}18\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdl{}O}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{14}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{r}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Marine Core and Dome Fuji Ice Core}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{20}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlim}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{df\PYZus{}max}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
        \PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{grid}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}


    \begin{center}
    \adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_12_0.png}
    \end{center}
    { \hspace*{\fill} \\}
    

    % Add a bibliography block to the postdoc
    
    
    
    \end{document}
